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Present tense: regular verbs

A1

The present tense covers both "now" and "usually": Punoj në Tiranë — "I work in Tirana". The endings depend on how the dictionary form ends: in -j, a consonant or a vowel.

Three groups

punoj — "to work", hap — "to open", pi — "to drink".

personpunojhappi
unëpunojhappi
tipunonhappi
ai, ajopunonhappi
nepunojmëhapimpimë
jupunonihapnipini
ata, atopunojnëhapinpinë

Ending in -j: punoj, shkruaj

In the "you" and "he" forms -j becomes -n: punon, shkruan, luan. In the plural: -jmë, -ni, -jnë: punojmë, punoni, punojnë. This is the largest group: mësoj, lexoj, jetoj, kuptoj.

Ending in a consonant: hap, mbyll

The singular has no ending — one form for "I", "you" and "he": unë hap, ti hap, ai hap. In the plural: -im, -ni, -in: hapim, hapni, hapin.

Ending in a vowel: pi, ha

The singular also has one form: pi, ha. In the plural: -më, -ni, -në: pimë, pini, pinë. Three verbs in -i — iki "to leave", eci "to walk", hipi "to get on" — have their own pattern: "you, he" ikën, and the plural like hap: ikim, ikni, ikin.

Right now — po

Po before the verb means the action is happening right now: Po punoj — "I'm working", Çfarë po bën? — "What are you doing?". Without po it is general or habitual: Punoj çdo ditë — "I work every day".

Examples

Çfarë po bën? — Po lexoj.
What are you doing? — I'm reading.
Hapim në orën nëntë.
We open at nine.
Pimë kafe çdo mëngjes.
We drink coffee every morning.
A kupton shqip?
Do you understand Albanian?
Ku po shkon?
Where are you going?

Common mistakes

Ai hapi dyqanin çdo ditë.
✓ Ai hap dyqanin çdo ditë.
In the singular hap has no ending: ai hap, while hapi is the past "he opened".
Ne pinë kafe.
✓ Ne pimë kafe.
"We" is pimë; pinë is "they".
Ti punoj.
✓ Ti punon.
"You" is punon.
💡 Tip. In the plural almost every verb ends the same way: "we" in -m or -më, "you" in -ni, "they" in -n or -në.
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