🇦🇱 Skanderly

Merged forms: ma, ta, ia, jua, ua

A2

When a sentence has two short forms — "to whom" and "what" — they merge into one word: më + e = ma: Ma jep — "Give it to me". The merged form goes where a short form goes — before the verb.

The table

Rows show to whom, columns show what. For "to him, to her", "to you" (pl.) and "to them" one form covers both "it" and "them". With na there is no merging: na e, na i.

to whom+ him, her, it (e)+ them (i)
to me (më)mam'i
to you (të)tat'i
to him, to her (i)iaia
to us (na)na ena i
to you, pl. (ju)juajua
to them (u)uaua

With the particle të: ta, t'i, t'ia

In the future and after dua të, mund të the particle të merges too: të + e = ta, të + i = t'i, të + u = t'u, të + ia = t'ia, të + ua = t'ua: Do ta blej — "I'll buy it", Dua t'ia jap — "I want to give it to him". So there are two kinds of ta: Ta dhashë — "I gave it to you" (të "to you" + e), Dua ta shoh — "I want to see it" (particle të + e).

With the particle u: m'u, iu

With the particle u of reflexive verbs in the past: më + u = m'u, të + u = t'u, i + u = iu (also for "to them"): M'u duk e vështirë — "It seemed difficult to me", Iu duk e çuditshme — "It seemed strange to him". There is no merging with na and ju: na u duk, ju u duk.

Examples

Ma jep çelësin.
Give me the key.
M'i sill çelësat.
Bring me the keys.
Ia dhashë librin Anës.
I gave the book to Ana.
Na e tregoi rrugën.
He showed us the way.
Do ta blej nesër.
I'll buy it tomorrow.

Common mistakes

Më e jep.
✓ Ma jep.
më + e always merge into ma.
I e dhashë.
✓ Ia dhashë.
i + e merge into ia.
Ma sill çelësat.
✓ M'i sill çelësat.
The keys are plural, so "them": m'i.
💡 Tip. Learn merged forms as ready phrases: Ma jep!, Ia dhashë, Jua tregoj. That way they stick faster than from a table.