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Negation and questions: nuk, s', mos, a

A1

"Not" before a verb is nuk or, in speech, s': Nuk kuptoj — "I don't understand". Prohibitions use mos: Mos fol! — "Don't speak!". A yes/no question can start with a: A flet shqip? — "Do you speak Albanian?".

Nuk and s'

Nuk goes right before the verb or before a short form: Nuk punoj sot — "I'm not working today", Nuk e di — "I don't know". S' means the same, is attached with an apostrophe and is more common in speech: S'kam kohë — "I have no time", S'ka problem — "No problem".

Mos — "don't"

Mos is used in prohibitions and requests: Mos fol shpejt! — "Don't speak fast!", Mos u shqetëso! — "Don't worry!". It also comes after të: Më mirë të mos shkojmë — "We'd better not go".

Nobody, nothing, never

Albanian uses double negation: Nuk kam asgjë — "I have nothing" (literally "I don't have nothing"), Nuk shoh askënd — "I don't see anyone", Nuk pi kurrë kafe — "I never drink coffee".

Questions: a, po, jo

A yes/no question is asked with intonation or starts with a: A ke kohë? — "Do you have time?". With a the question is clearer, especially in writing. The answer is po "yes" or jo "no". "Isn't it?" is apo jo?: Kjo çantë është e shtrenjtë, apo jo? — "This bag is expensive, isn't it?".

Examples

Nuk kuptoj.
I don't understand.
S'ka problem.
No problem.
Mos u vono!
Don't be late!
A ke kohë nesër?
Do you have time tomorrow?
Nuk kam asgjë.
I have nothing.

Common mistakes

Mos flas anglisht.
✓ Nuk flas anglisht.
Ordinary "not" is nuk; mos is for prohibitions.
Nuk fol!
✓ Mos fol!
A prohibition takes mos.
Kam asgjë.
✓ Nuk kam asgjë.
With asgjë, askush and kurrë you still need nuk.
💡 Tip. Nuk is "not" in an ordinary sentence, mos is "don't": Nuk pi — "I don't drink", Mos pi! — "Don't drink!".
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